The welding variables used to calculate heat input include:

The calculation of heat input in welding processes is primarily based on the relationship between the voltage, current, and travel speed.

Voltage is crucial because it relates to the arc length and energy input into the weld. The current contributes to the amount of heat produced during welding; higher current generally results in more heat being generated. Travel speed influences how long the heat is applied to the workpiece: a slower travel speed results in a higher heat input per unit length of weld since the heat has more time to penetrate and affect the base material.

Together, these three factors directly affect the thermal energy imparted to the weld area, which is critical for ensuring proper penetration, fusion, and overall weld quality. Therefore, the inclusion of voltage, current, and travel speed accurately reflects the variables that determine heat input in welding operations.